Foundation & Higher

Space physics: GCSE Physics

Solar system, life cycle of stars, orbital motion, red shift, Big Bang and satellites

The short version

Gravity holds orbits. Stars follow mass-dependent life cycles. Red shift of galaxies supports an expanding universe and the Big Bang.

Key idea

star = luminous, fusion in the core · planet = orbits a star, roughly round, cleared its path

moon orbits a planet; dwarf planet has not cleared its neighbourhood (e.g. Pluto)

Grade 2–3: The Sun sits in the middle. Earth goes around the Sun. The Moon goes around Earth.

Grade 5–6: I can name star, planet, moon, dwarf planet, comet and meteor and say what each orbits.

Grade 9: I never write that gravity "runs out" in space. Weight is smaller far from a mass but gravity still provides the inward force that keeps satellites in orbit.

Go a bit deeper

nebula -> protostar -> main sequence (H -> He)

Then Sun-like: red giant -> white dwarf. Massive: red super giant -> supernova -> neutron star or black hole

Grade 2–3: A star starts as a dusty cloud, shines, then either shrinks to a hot cinder or blows up.

Grade 5–6: I can write nebula, protostar, main sequence, then the two branches.

Grade 9: I name H to He on the main sequence and I never send the Sun into a black hole. Massive stars make the heavy elements in a supernova.

Worked example

Worked example

Grade 2–3: The Sun sits in the middle. Earth goes around the Sun. The Moon goes around Earth. Grade 5–6: I can name star, planet, moon, dwarf planet, comet and meteor and say what each orbits. Grade 9: I never write that gravity "runs out" in space. Weight is smaller far from a mass but gravity still provides the inward force that keeps satellites in orbit.

Lessons in this topic

  1. The solar system
  2. Life cycle of stars
  3. Orbital motion
  4. Red shift
  5. The Big Bang
  6. Satellites

In the app each lesson is video (when we have a real YouTube id) then intro, learn and summary steps.

What the examiner wants

Describe solar-system objects, star life cycles including supernova products, circular-orbit force ideas, red-shift evidence, and compare satellite types.

Try these questions

Cover the answers and have a go first. Worked solutions are underneath.

Question 1 [1 mark]

The Sun produces energy mainly by

Question 2 [1 mark]

A moon orbits

Question 3 [1 mark]

After the main sequence, a star like the Sun becomes a

Question 4 [1 mark]

A supernova can leave behind a

Common mistakes

Answers and working

Q1. nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium
Q2. a planet (or other small body)
Q3. red giant, then a white dwarf
Q4. neutron star or black hole

Frequently asked questions

Is GCSE Space physics on Combined Science and Triple?

Space physics is Triple-only Physics. Combined Science students can skip it.

Which exam board is this Space physics page for?

The ideas are board-agnostic for AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA. Paper lengths and question numbers differ — check your specification.

Is Space physics Foundation or Higher?

The core ideas appear on both tiers. Higher papers add extra application and some HT-only detail, marked in lessons with a Higher badge.

Learn, try, get feedback, fix the mistake

Open the stepped lesson, then the quiz with hints. Required-practical and calculation questions use the same method you will need in the paper.

Learn Space physics on ReviseEasy →

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